What is a Retirement Community?

Retirement Communities/ Independent Living Facilities are most appropriate for seniors who can manage their health care needs on their own or with assistance from family in an apartment type setting. Independent Living does not offer health care services or assistance, but may offer a monthly meal plan, housekeeping, social activities, and transportation. Some communities will partner with an In-Home Care agency to provide some services to residents. Services may include Medication Management, Bathing and Grooming Assistance, or Incontinence care. If additional care services are being provided, at some point the cost of the apartment and care will equate that of an Assisted Living Community. Some Independent Facilities are located on a campus where other levels of care are offered should one need them in the future.

Independent Living costs range from $1000-$2500 per month, depending on apartment size, amenities, and meal plan. Some Independent Facilities will provide one to two meals per day and may offer a meal plan if a resident prefers to cook occasionally.

Only private pay is accepted at Independent Facilities. Medicaid does not cover housing costs for Independent living. Long Term Care Insurance typically does not cover Independent Living, but may cover the cost of outside in-home care services.

What are the advantages of a Retirement Community?

• Nutritious Meals, Activities, and Housekeeping offered
• Maintain Independence in a social setting
• No upkeep or utilities to manage (except personal phone and cable)

What should I look for when searching for a Retirement Community?

1. I personally prefer retirement communities to be adjacent to another level of care, most commonly, an assisted living or residential care facility. If a move occurs in the future, it is much easier to move across the courtyard instead of the other side of town.
2. What amenities are offered? Are the activities varied? Is an exercise program offered?
3. If your loved one is driving, is there reserved and covered parking available for residents?
4. Are pets allowed? Is smoking allowed on campus?
5. How involved is the management staff in the lives of the residents? Will they notify you if they see changes in your loved one?
6. How often are meals served? Is there a flexible meal plan option? Is the cost of meals included in the overall price?
7. How is the food? Invite yourself for lunch (most will offer)- observe staff interacting with the residents. Is there a social atmosphere in the dining room or are residents keeping to themselves. Do residents seem happy? Do the staff know the residents by name? The dining room is a great indication of the "mood" of the building.
8. How does the physical building look? Is it well kept? Are repairs needed? Ask about the maintenance response time. How available are they for minor repairs for the resident's apartments (light bulbs, hanging pictures, etc...)?
   

When is it time to transition to higher level of care?
First, I would suggest that if a resident requires care to begin with, a retirement community will only be a temporary solution. If a resident has lived in a retirement community and is requiring more supervision, can't safely manage daily activities, and requires frequent checks from staff, a higher level of care is needed.

Amie Clark, Founder of The Senior List
www.TheSeniorList.com

What is In Home Care?

In Home Care is designed to support those who do not desire or need to leave their homes, but do require assistance with one or more of their daily activities. Care in the home can take on a variety of shapes and sizes and can incorporate family, friends, and professional assistance. I think most people, given a choice, would prefer to receive assistance from someone they know, family or friends. There are certainly situations, however, that family or friends providing care is not appropriate, or does not appeal to everyone, including the family and friends. If professional support needs to be hired, here are a few considerations and questions to ask the agencies you are interviewing.

1. Most In-Home Care agencies have hourly minimums, usually 2-4 hrs. If a shift does not meet these minimums, the client may still have to pay for the full shift.
2. Make sure the agency you are considering is licensed, and caregivers are bonded and insured.
   
3. What kind of training and orientation do the staff participate in?
4. Is there a nurse to oversee the caregivers and provide training?
5. What is the process if a caregiver is sick or does not show up for a shift?
6. What are the fees? Do you pay less for longer shifts? Does the agency bill monthly or weekly? Do they provide transportation to doctor appointments, grocery store, etc...?
7. Does the agency have access to other resources in the community should you need them?
8. Check inspection results at medicare.gov.
   
9. Ask to see references and testimonials. You can review online ratings from other consumers.
   

What is the advantage of hiring my own private caregiver?

• generally less expensive than working with an agency
• caregiver is your employee, they work for you.
• may be able to exchange care services for room and board, this works well for students

What is the advantage of hiring an agency?

• agency pays taxes, insurance, etc... No liability on your part, less risk
  
• shift will always be covered
• agencies are regulated and must pass inspections to operate
  

What type of Assistance can a caregiver provide?

• Bathing/ Grooming
  
• Light Cleaning
• Shopping
• Laundry
• Meal Preparation
• Toileting
• Dressing
• Mobility
• Night care
  

How Much Does In-Home Care Cost?
I have seen quite a range for costs, anywhere from $12-$22 per hour, depending on geography and duties of the caregiver. If the caregiver is a CNA, the cost will typically increase due to training that the individual has received.

Who Pays for In-Home Care?

• Private Pay (you)
• Long Term Care Insurance- check your policy for restrictions and make sure agency is able to accept payment from Insurance provider
• Some Health Insurances- check your policy
• Medicaid- offers limited in-home care programs for those who qualify

Amie Clark, Founder of The Senior List
www.TheSeniorList.com

Long Term Care Options for Older Adults

The most frequently asked question people ask me is "What are my options and who pays for them?". I will address each option it's own blog to adequately cover them. The options I have listed below are specific to my geographic area and may not be available in all states. Check with your local Office on Aging for types of care in your state.

Long Term Care Options-

• In Home Care
• Retirement/ Independent Living
• Assisted Living
  
• Residential Care
  
• Adult Care Homes/ Adult Foster Care
• Alzheimer's/ Dementia Care
• Skilled Nursing Facilities
• Intermediate Care Facilities

Amie Clark, Founder of The Senior List
www.TheSeniorList.com

Surviving a Parent's Trip to the Hospital and Beyond: What to know before you go.

You find your mom on the floor in her bathroom at home. She complains of hip pain and has been there for a few hours. You make the call and a few hours later she has been admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. Now what?

Insurance: If your loved one has Medicare or a HMO that manages Medicare benefits, the hospital stay is mostly covered. Medicare recipients will pay a $992 deductible for 2007 for hospital stays of 1-60 days. If a HMO is involved, check with the benefits administrator for specific deductibles or co-pays.

Legal Documents: If you haven't done it already, now would be a great time to have legal documents prepared for health care decisions. The most widely used form is called the Advance Directive for Health Care. This form allows your loved one to appoint someone to make decisions about health care if they are unable to do so, as well, this form also addresses end-of-life decision making. While you are helping your loved one with this document, fill one out for yourself!

Your mom has been in the hospital for two days now, and the discharge planner is telling you that she needs to leave the hospital in two days! To top if off, you have been presented with a list of in-patient rehab centers for discharge and you are expected to pick one!

Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF): Medicare and HMO's will cover rehab centers- with a catch. Medicare recipients must have a three night hospital stay and receive a doctor's order to receive 'skilled' care in order to qualify for admission to rehab. The doctor will make a decision based on several aspects of a patient's rehab potential. HMO benefits vary greatly, check with the benefits administrator for specific requirements. .

Medicare has a great website for users to compare rehab centers based on their yearly state inspection results and other quality indicators, www.medicare.gov/NHcompare. You will also find helpful checklists to assist in your search. Select a few; go for a tour. Talk to health care professionals who can share their experiences with these facilities.

The 100-day myth: Many families leave the hospital believing their loved one will be able to stay in the rehab center for a full 100 days. It is a rare case that a resident uses their full 100 days of Medicare during a rehab stay. Medicare does not cover long term care, it is simply an insurance benefit. Medicare will cover a rehab center as long as your loved one continues to benefit from the skilled services they are receiving. Medicare does not have representatives that make this decision, instead, the decision to continue with rehab from one day to the next, is decided by the interdisciplinary team at the rehab center working with your loved one. In the case of HMO recipients, the HMO does employ case managers who keep in close contact with the rehab centers and decide when a resident is no longer eligible for skilled benefits. In either case, once it has been determined that your loved one no longer qualifies for skilled benefits, you will be presented with a Notice of Medicare Provider Non-Coverage aka, a denial letter. By law, Medicare beneficiaries must have 72 hours notice of non coverage; HMO's vary between 48-72 hours depending on the HMO.

Appeals: Once your loved one has been presented with a denial letter, several options are available. If you do not agree with the non-coverage decision, you can appeal it. You will find appeal information within the Non-Coverage letter, specific to the Medicare insurance provider. If you do agree with the non-coverage decision, it is time to make decisions about the next move for your loved one. Hopefully, you and your loved one have been discussing the plans to return home after the rehab stay. The rehab social worker can help you arrange for equipment and services to ease the transition of returning home. If returning home is not an option for your loved one, you now face a myriad of options for community based care.

Amie Clark, Founder of The Senior List
www.TheSeniorList.com